Wednesday, 7 October 2015

Module 1 - week 2



Botanical Name: Agastache hybrids
Common Name: giant hyssop
Family: Lamiaceae
Distribution/Origin: Eastern Asia
Leaf: opposite pairs of serrate green-grey leaves, fragrant, pubescent surfaces
Bud:
Flower: dense terminal spikes, two lipped terminal flowers, quite fragrant
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark: tall stiff square stems
Size: 2’-3’ height, 2’ spread
Habit: bushy, dense
Form: upright, clumping
Soil Conditions: well drained, once established can tolerate some drought
Moisture: medium watering
Sun: Full sun-to part shade
Exposure: protected locations, southern exposures
Landscape Use: borders, cottage gardens, walkways
Notes: Agastache is Greek for “many spikes” 


 




Botanical Name: Ceratostigma plumbaginoids
Common Name: leadwort
Family: Plumbaginaceae
Distribution/Origin: Western China
Leaf: oval, glossy, green turning bronzy-red in fall
Bud:
Flower: terminal clusters of blue, long flowering
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 1’ height, 1.5-2’ spread
Habit: wiry, semi woody
Form: matt forming, ground cover, upright stems
Soil Conditions: average, tolerates most soil except wet and poor drainage
Moisture: well drained, tolerates some drought
Sun: Full sun to partial shade (blooms less without full sun)
Exposure: warm, sheltered locations
Landscape Use: under planting for shrubs, border plant, ground cover, rock gardens
Notes: One of the 12 original plants used in “Bachs flower remedies” it was believed to aid in “foolishness”, “self doubt/distrust”  


 





Botanical Name: Dianthus caryophyllus
Common Name: dianthus
Family: Caryophyllaceae
Distribution/Origin: Mediterranean (suspected…wide cultivation and exact origins are debateable)
Leaf: linear, powdery grey to green leaves, narrow, sheathing at swollen nodes
Bud:
Flower: cymose, ruffled, atop long stems, perfect, spicy fragrance, often double
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 18-24” height, 15-18” spread
Habit: stiffly upright 
Form: clumping, mounding
Soil Conditions: well drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil
Moisture: average water needs
Sun: Full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: container gardening, border plant, summer interest
Notes: Many symbolic and historical meanings. According to Christian lore, carnations first appeared when Jesus carried the cross; carnations sprang up wherever Mary’s tears fell. Thus it has long been associated with a mothers love and continues to have special meaning on mothers day. 


 

 

Botanical Name: Echinaceae purpurea
Common Name: purple coneflower
Family: Asteraceae
Distribution/Origin: North America
Leaf: broad, lanceolate, dark green, coarsely textured
Bud:
Flower: hermaphroditic seedheads, droopy ray petals surrounding prominent spiny center
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 2-4’ height, 1’-2’ spread
Habit: stiff stems, clump forming
Form: tall, upright
Soil Conditions: tolerates a wide variety of soil conditions
Moisture: drought tolerant, well drained
Sun:  full sun
Exposure: can handle windy locations
Landscape Use: border, meadow, mass plantings
Notes: thought to stimulate the immune system, used in a wide variety of medications past and present day.



File:CH Echinacea purpurea.jpg


Botanical Name: Euphorbia characias “Wulfenii”
Common Name: spurge flower
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Distribution/Origin: Europe
Leaf: narrow, linear to obovate, spirally arranged along stems
Bud:
Flower: showy, petal like bracts, bottle brush shaped, purple glands
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 2’-3’ height, 1.5’-2’ spread
Habit: erect, woody based
Form: tall growing, sparsely bushy
Soil Conditions: well drained, dislikes heavy clay
Moisture: dry to medium, doesn’t like to be too wet
Sun: full sun to partial shade
Exposure:
Landscape Use: landscape beds, mass plantings
Notes: broken stems exude a white milky sap that is a skin irritant and poisonous 


 


Botanical Name: Helenium autmunale
Common Name: sneezeweed
Family: Asteraceae
Distribution/Origin: North America
Leaf: slightly serrated, lanceolate to oblong
Bud:
Flower: ray florets surrounding disc florets, fan shaped petals, drooping florets
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark: angular, winged
Size: 4.5’ height, 2’-3’ spread
Habit: densely growing clumps
Form: vigorous blooming atop tall stems
Soil Conditions: prefers damp soil, high in organic material
Sun: full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: mass plantings, landscape borders
Notes: historically was crushed to create a snuff to induce sneezing, hence common name




 


Botanical Name: Hemmerocalis "Stella d’Oro"
Common Name: daylily
Family: Xanthorrhoeaceae
Distribution/Origin: Asia
Leaf: arching, linear, blade-like
Bud:
Flower: vigorous blooms, gold in color, funnel shaped with long stamens
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 2’ height, 2’ spread
Habit: compact, arching foliage with upright stems
Form: clumping
Soil Conditions: adapted to wide variety if well drained, prefer fertile loam
Moisture: somewhat drought tolerant when established
Sun: full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: mass plantings, borders
Notes: petals are used in some Chinese cuisine, sold fresh or dried as “golden needles” 


 


Botanical Name: Hylotelephium spectabile
Common Name: stonecrop
Family: Crassulaceae
Distribution/Origin: China, Korea
Leaf: alternate, simple, toothed margin, smooth texture
Bud:
Flower: star shaped, cyme, cabbage like florets
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 18” height, 18” spread
Habit: upright stems, slightly spreading clumps, compact
Form: clumping
Soil Conditions: rocky, shallow, clay, adaptable, well drained
Moisture: can handle drought, doesn’t enjoy excessive moisture
Sun: Full sun to partial shade
Exposure:
Landscape Use: border front, mass plantings, rock garden
Notes: spongy sedum leaves and stems pack a considerable amount of water for times of drought


 


Botanical Name: Iris sibirica
Common Name: Siberian Iris
Family: Iridaceae
Distribution/Origin: Europe, Central Asia
Leaf: grass like, blades, ribbed
Bud:
Flower: monochasial cyme
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 1-1.5” height, 2’ spread
Habit: dense, clumping
Form: erect stems, arching foliage
Soil Conditions: well drained, fertile
Moisture: doesn’t like excessive wetness
Sun: full sun, can withstand some shade
Exposure:
Landscape Use: waterside plantings, bog garden, herbaceous borders, mixed plantings
Notes: Petals have long been used for painting and dying fabrics


 


Botanical Name: Lobelia tupa
Common Name: Devils tobacco
Family: Campanulaceae
Distribution/Origin: Central Chile
Leaf: grey-green in color, elliptical
Bud:
Flower: terminal racemes, tubular, red in color, two lipped
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 4-6’ height, 4’ spread
Habit: columnar/upright
Form: large, clumping
Soil Conditions: loamy fertile
Moisture: constant moisture
Sun: full sun to partial shade
Exposure:
Landscape Use: alpine/rock gardens, flower borders
Notes: was smoked medicinally by the Mapuche Indians for its narcotic effects. It is also used as a smoking deterrent because of certain chemicals that act as a nicotinic agonist. 


 


Botanical Name: Origanum laevigatum ‘Hopley’s Purple’
Common Name: oregano
Family: Lamiaceae
Distribution/Origin: Turkey
Leaf: basal, fragrant, small
Bud:
Flower: loose clusters of funnel shaped blooms, persistent purple brachts
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 24-36” height, 24-36” spread
Habit: upright, sprawling woody based subshrub
Form: large and sprawling
Soil Conditions: loamy sand, will grow in poor to average soil
Moisture: drought tolerant, well draining
Sun: full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: mass plantings, garden bed
Notes: not for culinary use, the leaves are fragrant but not as strong flavored as its relative culinary oregano, therefore it is best for ornamental gardening uses 





Botanical Name: Persicaria amplexicaulis
Common Name: fleeceflower
Family: Polygonaceae
Distribution/Origin: China
Leaf: heart shaped, acute tips, downy underside, clasping stem
Bud:
Flower: narrow spikes growing atop long stems above foliage
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 3-4’ height, 3-4’ spread
Habit: dense, upright
Form: bushy, clumping
Soil Conditions:
Moisture: moist soil
Sun: full sun to partial shade
Exposure:
Landscape Use: along streams, ponds, mass plantings
Notes: amplexicaulis refers to the plants habit of the leaves growing around and clasping the stem









 

 
Botanical Name: Phlomis russeliana
Common Name: Jerusalem sage
Family: Lamiaceae
Distribution/Origin: Southwestern Asia
Leaf: rough textured, fragrant, broad ovate, basal
Bud:
Flower: tiny, tubular, hooded, 2 lipped flowers, whorled clusters
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 2-3’ height, 1.5-2’ spread
Habit: spreading, dense
Form: showy flowers on upright stems over mass of foliage
Soil Conditions: organically rich, fertile, well drained
Moisture: dry to medium water
Sun: full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: mass bordering plant, near warm locations (wall, house)
Notes: another common name is “lamp wick plant” referring to “phlomis” which is Greek for “flame”, the leaves in ancient times were used for lamp wicks 


 



Botanical Name: Phlox paniculata
Common Name: garden phlox
Family: Polemoniaceae
Distribution/Origin: North America
Leaf: alternate, simple, elliptic
Bud:
Flower: fragrant, densely packed in large tiered terminal clusters
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 2-4’ height, 1-3’ spread
Habit: sturdy, upright
Form: clumping
Soil Conditions: fertile, moist
Moisture: even moisture
Sun: full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: garden borders, mixed beds
Notes: long loved perennial plant reaching its peak popularity in the 1940’s, interest declined in the 80’s as it was considered “old fashioned”










Botanical Name: Phygellius x rectus
Common Name: cape figwort
Family: Schrophulariaceae
Distribution/Origin: South Africa
Leaf: simple, ovate
Bud:
Flower: pendant, tubular, panicle
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 24-36” height, 24-36” spread
Habit: suckering
Form: bushy sub shrub
Soil Conditions: loamy sand
Moisture: moist but well drained
Sun: full sun
Exposure: sheltered
Landscape Use: flower borders
Notes: blooms have similarities to fuchsia which has lead to another common name “cape fuchsia” though they are not closely related 


 

 

Botanical Name: Rudbeckia fulgida
Common Name: black eyed Susan
Family: Asteraceae
Distribution/Origin: South Eastern US
Leaf: dark green sparsely but roughly haired, serrate margins, without lobes, elliptic
Bud:
Flower: black disc florets, yellow ray florets, borne singly on end of stems
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 18-24” height, 18-24” spread
Habit: dense, upright
Form: clumping, bushy
Soil Conditions: well drained
Moisture: drought tolerant, average watering needs
Sun: full sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: mass plantings, border beds
Notes: named after a poem “Black Eyed Susan” written by poet John Gay, when colonists first settled in the Americas they saw the wildflower growing and were dazzled by its simple beauty 


 

 

Botanical Name: Salvia guaranitica
Common Name: hummingbird sage
Family: Lamiaceae
Distribution/Origin: South America
Leaf: ovate, long and wide, fragrant when crushed, wrinkled
Bud:
Flower: axillary, terminal spikes, cobalt blue flowers with black calyxes
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 4-5’ height , 24-36” spread
Habit: upright, open, branching
Form: bushy foliage with upright stems
Soil Conditions: well draining
Moisture: somewhat drought tolerant, evenly moist
Sun: sun to partial shade
Exposure:
Landscape Use: ornamental beds, filler
Notes: used by Guarani Indians of Brazil as a sedative

 






Botanical Name: Thalictrum flavum
Common Name: meadow rue
Family: Ranunculaceae
Distribution/Origin: Europe, Russia
Leaf: compound 3-4 pinnate green, obovate to elliptic lobed leaflets
Bud:
Flower: apetulous, fluffy, branched pyramidal panicles
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark:
Size: 3-4’ height, 3-4’ spread
Habit: open, airy, tall/narrow may require steaking
Form: clumping
Soil Conditions: rich, moist humusy soils, well drained
Moisture: consistent moisture if grown in full sun
Sun: part shade or dappled sun
Exposure:
Landscape Use: perennial borders, meadow or cottage gardens
Notes: English herbalist Nicholas Culpeper wrote in his 17th century book “Herball” it was used against the plague in Italy, and that boiling the roots was an effective remedy against lice

 





Botanical Name: Veronica peduncularis
Common Name: speedwell
Family: Plantaginaceae
Distribution/Origin: Ukraine, western Asia
Leaf: ovate to oblong, toothed to pinnatifid medium green leaves
Bud:
Flower: short, loose axillary racemes
Fruit/Seed:
Stem/Bark: reddish glabrous stem
Size: under 1’ tall, up to 1’ spread
Habit: low growing, spreading
Form: mounding masses
Soil Conditions: sandy loam
Moisture: moist but well drained
Sun: full sun
Exposure: sheltered
Landscape Use: perennial borders, container gardening
Notes:
In Italy they are colloquially referred to as "occhi della Madonna" (St. Mary's eyes)


 

 

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